Many English learners feel confused about whether to use “first” or “firstly”. Are they the same? Is one more correct? Do native speakers prefer one over the other? Understanding the difference will help you sound more natural, especially in formal writing, essays, presentations, and everyday conversation.
In this guide, we will clearly explain how “first” and “firstly” are used, when they mean the same thing, and which one you should choose in different situations.
What Do “First” and “Firstly” Mean?
Both “first” and “firstly” are used to introduce the first point in a list or sequence. They are often followed by additional points such as “second,” “secondly,” “third,” or “thirdly.”
First, we need to understand the problem.
Firstly, we need to understand the problem.
In many cases, both sentences are grammatically correct and mean the same thing. However, there are important differences in style, formality, and common usage.
How “First” Is Used
“First” is more flexible and more commonly used in modern English. It can function as:
- An adverb (First, we should talk.)
- An adjective (This is my first job.)
- A noun (He finished in first.)
When introducing a point, “first” sounds natural in both spoken and written English.
Examples of “First”
First, let’s discuss the main issue.
First, I’d like to thank everyone for coming.
First, turn off the computer. Then unplug it.
First, she explained the rules. Second, she gave examples.
In everyday conversation, native speakers almost always say “first,” not “firstly.”
How “Firstly” Is Used
“Firstly” is an adverb formed by adding -ly to “first.” It is mainly used in more formal or structured writing, especially in essays, academic writing, or formal speeches.
However, it is less common in everyday conversation.
Examples of “Firstly”
Firstly, we must consider the cost.
Firstly, the study was conducted over five years.
Firstly, I would like to outline the main objectives of this project.
While these sentences are correct, many style guides prefer “first” because it sounds simpler and more direct.
Key Differences Between “First” and “Firstly”
| Feature | First | Firstly |
|---|---|---|
| Common in conversation | Yes (very common) | Rare |
| Used in formal writing | Yes | Yes |
| Sounds natural in modern English | Very natural | Sometimes formal or stiff |
| Other grammatical uses | Adjective, noun, adverb | Adverb only |
| Preferred by style guides | Usually preferred | Less preferred |
Should You Say “First” or “Firstly”?
In most situations, “first” is the better choice. It is shorter, more natural, and widely accepted in both formal and informal English.
For example, these sentences sound more natural:
First, we need to find a solution.
First, I want to explain how this works.
Instead of:
Firstly, we need to find a solution.
Firstly, I want to explain how this works.
“Firstly” is not wrong, but it may sound slightly formal or old-fashioned in casual contexts.
Is It Wrong to Mix “First” and “Secondly”?
Many learners ask whether it is correct to say:
First, we need to cut costs. Secondly, we need to improve quality.
Grammatically, this is acceptable. However, it is better to keep your structure consistent.
You have two clear options:
- Option 1: First, second, third
- Option 2: Firstly, secondly, thirdly
Most modern English prefers:
First, we need to cut costs. Second, we need to improve quality.
This version sounds more natural and modern.
When “Firstly” Sounds More Appropriate
There are situations where “firstly” may feel more appropriate:
- In very formal academic writing
- In structured legal or technical arguments
- When you are using “secondly” and “thirdly” and want perfect parallel structure
Example in a formal context:
Firstly, the contract was not signed. Secondly, the payment was never received. Thirdly, the client failed to respond.
Even here, many writers would still prefer “first, second, third.”
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Overusing “Firstly” in Conversation
In everyday speech, “firstly” can sound unnatural.
Less natural:
Firstly, I don’t like coffee.
More natural:
First, I don’t like coffee.
2. Using “Firstly” Without a Second Point
If you say “firstly,” listeners expect “secondly.” If you only have one point, use “first” or avoid numbering entirely.
Awkward:
Firstly, I disagree.
Better:
First, I disagree.
I disagree for several reasons.
Quick Summary
- Both “first” and “firstly” introduce the first point in a sequence.
- “First” is more common and more natural in modern English.
- “Firstly” is more formal and less common in conversation.
- Keep your structure consistent: use either “first, second, third” or “firstly, secondly, thirdly.”
- When unsure, choose “first.”
Conclusion
The difference between “first” and “firstly” is mainly about style, not grammar. Both are correct, but “first” is simpler, more flexible, and more widely used in modern English. For most learners and most situations, “first” is the safest and most natural choice.
By understanding this small but important distinction, you can make your English sound clearer, more confident, and more professional.