Introduction: Why “However” Matters
The word “however” is common in English writing, especially in academic, professional, and formal communication. It is used to show contrast — to introduce an idea that is different from or opposite to what was said before. Although it is a simple word, many English learners struggle with how to use it correctly, especially at the beginning of a sentence.
Incorrect punctuation or placement can make your writing unclear or grammatically incorrect. Understanding how to use “however” properly will improve your writing, make your arguments clearer, and help you sound more professional and fluent.
What Does “However” Mean?
“However” is a conjunctive adverb. It connects two independent ideas and shows contrast between them. It is similar in meaning to:
- but
- nevertheless
- on the other hand
- still
However, it is more formal than “but” and is often used in academic or business writing.
Using “However” at the Beginning of a Sentence
When “however” begins a sentence, it must be followed by a comma. It introduces a statement that contrasts with the previous sentence.
Basic Structure
Sentence 1. However, sentence 2.
Examples
I wanted to go for a walk. However, it started to rain.
The exam was difficult. However, most students passed.
She studied very hard for the interview. However, she did not get the job.
Notice that “however” is followed by a comma. This comma is necessary because “however” is a transitional word.
Punctuation Rules You Must Follow
1. Use a Period Before “However”
When “however” connects two complete sentences, you must end the first sentence with a period (or semicolon).
Correct:
The project was challenging. However, we finished it on time.
Incorrect:
The project was challenging, however we finished it on time.
The incorrect example is called a comma splice. You cannot join two independent clauses with just a comma and “however.”
2. You May Use a Semicolon Instead
Instead of a period, you can use a semicolon before “however.” This is common in formal writing.
The project was challenging; however, we finished it on time.
This structure is grammatically correct and shows a strong connection between the two ideas.
Comparison: “However” vs. “But”
Many learners confuse “however” and “but.” Both show contrast, but their grammar is different.
| Feature | However | But |
|---|---|---|
| Type of word | Conjunctive adverb | Coordinating conjunction |
| Punctuation before | Period or semicolon | Comma (usually) |
| Comma after word | Yes | No |
| Formality | More formal | Less formal |
Examples of “But”
I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.
You cannot write:
I wanted to go for a walk, however it started to rain.
This is incorrect because “however” does not function like “but.”
Using “However” in the Middle of a Sentence
Although this article focuses on the beginning of a sentence, it is helpful to understand another common structure.
“However” can appear in the middle of a sentence, separated by commas.
I wanted to go for a walk. It was raining, however, so I stayed home.
In this case, “however” adds contrast within the sentence. It is surrounded by commas.
Using “However” for Emphasis
When “however” starts a sentence, it often adds emphasis. It makes the contrast stronger and clearer.
Compare these two examples:
The restaurant was expensive, but the food was delicious.
The restaurant was expensive. However, the food was delicious.
The second version sounds more formal and dramatic. This is why “however” is common in essays, reports, and academic writing.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Forgetting the Comma
Incorrect: However the results were surprising.
Correct: However, the results were surprising.
2. Using a Comma Instead of a Period
Incorrect: She was tired, however she continued working.
Correct: She was tired. However, she continued working.
3. Overusing “However”
If you use “however” too often, your writing may sound repetitive. Try using other transition words like:
- Nevertheless
- On the other hand
- In contrast
- Still
Practical Examples in Different Contexts
Academic Writing
The study produced useful data. However, more research is needed.
Business Writing
Sales increased in January. However, profits remained low.
Daily Conversation (Formal)
I understand your opinion. However, I disagree with your conclusion.
Opinion Writing
Many people believe social media is harmful. However, it can also help people connect.
Quick Summary: Key Takeaways
- “However” shows contrast between two ideas.
- When it begins a sentence, it must be followed by a comma.
- Use a period or semicolon before “however” when connecting two complete sentences.
- Do not use a comma alone before “however.”
- It is more formal than “but.”
- Avoid overusing it in your writing.
Conclusion
Using “however” correctly at the beginning of a sentence is an important grammar skill. It helps you express contrast clearly and professionally. Remember to use proper punctuation: end the previous sentence with a period (or semicolon), place a comma after “however,” and ensure both clauses are complete ideas.
With practice, you will feel more confident using “however” in essays, emails, reports, and everyday writing. Mastering small details like this can make a big difference in the clarity and quality of your English.