Introduction: Why This Topic Matters
English is constantly evolving, and one important change in modern usage is the increasing use of singular “they” to refer to a person whose gender is unknown, unspecified, or nonbinary. Many English learners and even native speakers ask the same question: Should we say “they is” or “they are” when “they” refers to one person?
The short and clear answer is: We say “they are,” not “they is.” Even when “they” refers to one person, it still takes a plural verb form.
Understanding this rule is important for correct grammar, respectful communication, and success in academic and professional English. In this article, we will explain why singular “they” uses plural verbs, provide clear examples, and help you feel confident using it correctly.
What Is Singular “They”?
Traditionally, “they” is a plural pronoun:
They are my friends.
However, English has used “they” for centuries to refer to one person when the gender is unknown or not specified:
If someone calls, tell them I am busy.
In this sentence, “someone” is singular, but we use “them” to avoid saying “him or her.”
Today, singular “they” is also used by people who identify as nonbinary (not exclusively male or female):
Alex said they are coming to the meeting.
Is It “They Is” or “They Are”?
Even when “they” refers to one person, it always takes a plural verb:
- ✅ They are happy.
- ✅ They were late.
- ✅ They have finished.
- ❌ They is happy.
- ❌ They was late.
- ❌ They has finished.
This is because English grammar treats “they” grammatically as plural, even when its meaning is singular.
Why Does Singular “They” Use Plural Verbs?
In English, verb agreement depends on the form of the subject, not only its meaning. The pronoun “you” works the same way.
For example:
You are my friend. (one person)
You are my friends. (more than one person)
We do not say “you is,” even if we speak to only one person. Similarly, we do not say “they is,” even when referring to one individual.
Examples of Singular “They” in Sentences
Here are practical examples in different contexts:
1. When Gender Is Unknown
If a student wants help, they should ask the teacher.
2. When Gender Is Not Important
Every employee must submit their report before they leave.
3. Referring to a Nonbinary Person
Jordan said they are excited about the new project.
4. In Questions
Where are they going?
5. With “To Be” in the Past
They were happy with the results.
6. With Present Perfect
Taylor has finished their work, and they have already left.
7. In Negative Sentences
They are not available right now.
In every example, the verb form remains plural.
Comparison Table: Singular Pronouns and Verb Agreement
| Pronoun | Meaning | Correct Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| He | Singular (male) | Singular verb | He is ready. |
| She | Singular (female) | Singular verb | She is ready. |
| They (plural) | More than one person | Plural verb | They are ready. |
| They (singular) | One person (unknown or nonbinary) | Plural verb | They are ready. |
| You (singular) | One person | Plural verb | You are ready. |
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using “is” with they: ❌ They is my friend.
- Using “was” in standard English: ❌ They was late.
- Switching pronouns incorrectly: ❌ Alex said they are ready, and he will come soon. (Be consistent.)
Formal and Informal Usage
Singular “they” is now widely accepted in:
- Academic writing
- Business communication
- Government documents
- News articles
- Everyday conversation
Major dictionaries and style guides (such as Merriam-Webster and the APA Style Guide) recognize singular “they” as grammatically correct.
Quick Summary: Key Takeaways
- Singular “they” refers to one person when gender is unknown or nonbinary.
- We always use plural verbs with “they.”
- Say “they are,” not “they is.”
- This rule is similar to “you are” (never “you is”).
- Singular “they” is grammatically correct and widely accepted.
Conclusion
So, is it “they is” or “they are”? The correct form is always “they are,” even when talking about one person. English grammar treats “they” as plural in verb agreement, just like “you.”
Learning this rule helps you communicate clearly, respectfully, and correctly in modern English. As language continues to evolve, understanding singular “they” is an important part of using English confidently in today’s world.